A tariff war is economic equivalent of a tit-for-tat conflict. While it begins with the intent of protecting national interests, it often evolves into a complex battle that reshapes global supply chains and affects wallets of everyday consumers. What is a Tariff War? A tariff war (also known as a customs war) is an economic … Read more
In a healthy adult, bone marrow is factory of blood cell production. However, under certain pathological conditions, body reverts to an embryonic state where organs outside bone marrow take over production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This process is known as Extramedullary Hematopoiesis (EMH). It signals significant underlying hematologic stress. Why … Read more
Hematopoiesis is complex biological process by which body produce all cellular components of blood. Healthy adult produces approximately 100 billion to 400 billion new blood cells every single day. Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) All blood cells originate from a single type of unspecialized cell called Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC). They found primarily in bone marrow … Read more
In the world of traditional finance, central banks can print more money whenever they deem it necessary. Bitcoin operates on the opposite principle: mathematical predictability and engineered scarcity. At the heart of this system is an event known as the “Halving” (or “Halvening”). If you’ve heard the term but aren’t sure why it makes headlines every … Read more
Production of urine begins with a biological sieving process known as glomerular filtration. Occurring within microscopic functional units of the kidney called nephrons, this process ensures that your blood is cleared of waste while retaining essential cells and proteins. Anatomy of Filter Glomerular filtration takes place in the renal corpuscle, which consists of two main … Read more
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is widely considered the most accurate way to measure how well your kidneys are functioning. In simple terms, it measures the amount of blood passing through the glomeruli—the tiny, ball-shaped clusters of blood vessels that act as filters in your kidneys—each minute. When the kidneys are healthy, they efficiently filter waste … Read more
The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a indicator of renal function, representing volume of fluid filtered from glomerular capillaries into Bowman’s capsule per unit of time. In a healthy adult, average GFR is approximately 125 mL/min or 180 L/day. Physiologically, GFR is governed by balance of hydrostatic and oncotic pressures (Starling forces) and the permeability … Read more
Following three pillars—IAM, VPC, and Encryption—form foundation of every secure AWS architecture. 1. Identity and Access Management (IAM) IAM is the gatekeeper of your AWS account. It answers two questions: Who are you (Authentication) and What are you allowed to do (Authorization)? Core Components Users: Unique identities for people or applications. Groups: Collections of users. … Read more
AWS Lambda is a Serverless Computing on Amazon Web Services (AWS). It is a “Function-as-a-Service” (FaaS) that allows you to run code for virtually type of application or backend service without managing servers. AWS Lambda is an event-driven compute services. Instead of having a server running 24/7 waiting for a request, Lambda only executes your … Read more
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a web service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud. Think of it as renting a physical computer located in one of Amazon’s massive data centers, but instead of waiting for hardware to ship, you can boot it up in minutes via a web interface. It is designed … Read more